[캄보디아역사탐방] 크메르 루즈 이후의 캄보디아

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1978년 캄보디아와 베트남사이의 국경분쟁의 갈등이 심해지고 결국 베트남에서는 12월 캄보디아를 공격했다. 12만 명의 베트남군은 남동쪽부터 시작하여 서쪽방향으로 계속 진군하였으며 17일 만에 수도 프놈펜을 점령하였다. 폴 폿의 크메르 루즈는 태국 국경지역으로 도주하였고 그곳을 위주로 게릴라전을 하였으나 이미 크메르 루즈는 상황을 역전시킬만한 힘이 없었다. 하지만 크메르 루즈가 아직 남아있는 한 캄보디아는 안정적이지 않았다. 태국의 국경과 가까운 지역의 사람들 중에는 그 때의 여파로 팔과 다리가 없는 사람들이 많다. 크메르 루즈가 방어를 위해 수많은 지뢰를 설치했기 때문이다. 지뢰가 광범위하게 설치되어있을 뿐만 아니라 그 수도 많고 경제적인 상황으로 인해 현재까지도 제거되지 않고 있다.

베트남은 캄보디아를 점령하고 캄푸치아 인민 공화국을 세웠으며 원래 크메르 루즈였다가 베트남으로 망명했던 훈센이 지도자가 되었다. 베트남은 캄보디아에 15만 명 정도의 베트남군을 배치하였으며 고문관을 파견하고 베트남인을 이주시키기도 하였다. 그러나 국제적인 제제로 인하여 군대를 철수시키고 결국 1991년 내전이 공식적으로 종결된 후 1993년 왕정이 복구된다. 1993년 첫 총선에서 푼신펙의 노르돔 라나리드와 CPP의 훈센이 공동총리가 되었다. 그러나 1994년에 쿠데타 시도가 일어나는 등 정국이 혼란했으며 양 측 사이에 충돌이 일어났다. 그리고 1997년 훈센과 라나리드 사이에 무력 충돌이 일어나 결국 라나리드는 축출되었다.

1998년 캄보디아의 서북부에서 폴 폿이 사망하고, 이어서 키우 삼판과 이엥 사리가 훈센에 항복하여서 타 목만이 크메르 루즈의 지도자로써 남아있었지만 1999년 항복하여 크메르 루즈는 완전히 해체되었고 내전은 공식적으로 종료되었다. 그리고 망명중이던 노르돔 시하눅을 다시 정식 국왕으로 받아들여 입헌군주제로 헌법을 개정했다. 1997년부터 크메르 루즈였다가 폴 폿에 반대하여 베트남 괴뢰정권의 지도자로 있던 훈센이 현재까지 집권하고 있으며 2012년 10월 15일 전국왕인 노르돔 시하눅이 사망하고 그의 아들인 노르돔 시하모니가 그의 뒤를 이었다. / 글 : 박근태(왕립프놈펜대학 크메르어문학과 4학년)

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