[캄보디아 투자] 캄보디아 회사와 합작회사를 만들 시 주의할 점

기사입력 : 2015년 03월 26일

질문 199. 대규모 토지를 소유하고 있는 캄보디아 회사와 합작회사를 만들려고 하는데, 어떤 점에 주의를 해야 하나요?

 

답변

어느 나라에서 사업을 하든 좋은 파트너을 만나는 것은 성공적인 사업을 위해 필수적입니다. 파트너라 함은 같이 투자를 해서 같이 해서 동업을 하는 경우도 있고 좋은 판매망을 가지고 있는 구매자 또는 경쟁력있는 재료나 제품을 공급해 주는 판매상일 수도 있습니다. 이 중에서 가장 주의해야 할 경우가 합작으로 사업을 같이 하는 경우입니다.

캄보디아 회사법 상 인정되는 회사의 형태로는 외국인 단독 법인 또는 합작법인(Joint Venture Company)도 가능한데 가장 일반적인 형태가 글자 그대로 해석을 하면 사적 책임회사(Private Limited Company, PLC)로 우리나라 상법 상 유한회사와 유사합니다. 즉 각 투자자가 합작기업에 대한 책임은 각자가 납입한 출자액을 한도로 합니다.  캄보디아 회사 또는 개인과 합작법인을  설립할 경우에 주의할 사항을 간단히 나열하면 아래와 같습니다.

    1. 경영권에 대한 합의 : 캄보디아 회사법 상 PLC의 경우에는 이사의 수에 대한 제한이 없으므로 대표이사 1인 이사도 가능합니다. 합작의 경우에는 2인 이상을 하는 경우가 일반적이며 각 이사의 수와 역할에 대한 분명한 합의가 이루어져야 합니다.
    2. 지분 비율: 지분에 따라 이익의 배분 뿐만 아니라 주주총회의 결정권(일반결의, 특별결의)을 좌우할 수 있으므로 매우 중요한 사안입니다. 특히 질의한 경우와 같이 캄보디아 측에서 현물출자(capital in kind)를 하고 한국 측에서 현금출자(capital in cash)를 하는 경우에는 현물출자의 가치를 어떻게 평가할 것인가가 중요한 사안이 되며, 이로 인하여 합작이 성공적을 못 이루어지는 경우가 비일비재합니다.
    3. 지분의 변동: 사업을 하다 보면 필요에 의해서 지분을 매각하거나 증자하거나 함으로써 지분의 변동이 생기게 마련이다. 이 경우에 지분을 제 3자에게 처분할 것인지 아니면 기존주주가 우선적으로 매입할 권리(preemptive right)를 가질 것인지를 미리 결정해 두어야 합니다. 우선 매입권의 경우에는 매입 가격을 어떻게 결정할 것인지도 정해 두는 것이 좋을 것입니다.  또한 증자를 할 경우에는 기존 주주가 우선해서 인수를 하고 전액을 인수 못하는 경우에는 어떻게 할 것인지 등에 대해서도 사전에 정해 놓아야 할 것입니다.
    4. 그 외에도 회계에 관한 사항, 계약의 해지 조건, 적용 법률, 중재에 관한 사항 등 고려해야 할 사항들이 많으므로 가능하면 캄보디아 법을 잘 알고 경험이 많은 전문가의 도움을 받는 것이 바람직합니다. 그 외에도 회계에 관한 사항, 계약의 해지 조건, 적용 법률, 중재에 관한 사항 등 고려해야 할 사항들이 많으므로 가능하면 캄보디아 법을 잘 알고 경험이 많은 전문가의 도움을 받는 것이 바람직합니다.

/ (세법관련질의) 우리회계법인 고동호 회계사 (dhkoh99@gmail.com)

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